Examples of using Pre-capitalist in English and their translations into German
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Ecclesiastic
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Computer
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Programming
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Official/political
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Political
Islamism is a modernist political movement, which however harks back to pre-capitalist forms.
This is also why credit in pre-capitalist societies cannot simply be equated with capitalist credit.
We could look at thisalmost as a reciprocal exchange of gifts-as happens in some pre-capitalist societies.
It longs for a mixture of pre-capitalist and post-socialist times to historically"overcome" capitalism and socialism.
Surrounded by its historic oppressors,it would be a society characterized by backward, pre-capitalist social structures.
Marx stresses that, for pre-capitalist societies, the established relations of production tend to retard the forces of production.
Prior to the First World War,he emphasized the need for oppressed nations to overcome pre-capitalist barriers.
New markets and cheap resources, the prospect of modernizing pre-capitalist territories, seemed to provide the safety valve for capitalism.
Certainly imperialist capitalism can be described as the"mostdeveloped" bourgeois domination with much more justification than the pre-capitalist.
While commodities and money did exist in many pre-capitalist societies, their social significance was entirely different from that under capitalism.
As capitalism develops as a world system, a totality, it envelops and changes all pre-capitalist structures, including the family.
But in pre-capitalist conditions this competition for spheres of investment is impossible, and consequently the equalization of the different rates of profit is impossible.
The denunciation of continental systems asarchaic is not the result of exasperation with pre-capitalist forms that the hegemonic market has destroyed in any case.
This developed pre-capitalist structure must once again be filled with the more robust imperative to responsibility which capitalist social productivity was obliged to destroy.
But if money as a social reality andas a unified concept cannot be»applied« to pre-capitalist societies, the same must be valid for credit, which is Graeber's most important concept.
But in fact anthropology is little more than the collation of the observations ofvisitors from advanced capitalist societies to various pre-capitalist societies.
The other instances of the Name-of-the-Father are pre-capitalist in character, and have to do with the concepts of family, morality, community, and mutual aid, concepts actually discredited by the rise of capitalism.
The history of a large section of less-developed countries(and even of such countries as Japan) shows that even the formation of the domestic labour and commodity markets in the initial stages,or the building of an initial industrial base and removal of pre-capitalist obstacles.
In its earliest phase industrial capitalismhad a tendency not only to destroy the pre-capitalist patriarchal peasant and artisan household, but to destroy family ties completely among the new working class.
Only thus will he be able to draw a dividing line between his allies and his enemies. The peculiarities of national development of each country find their queerest expression in the status of farmers and, to some extent, of the urban petty bourgeoisie(artisans and shopkeepers). These classes, no matter how numerically strong they may be,essentially are representative survivals of pre-capitalist forms of production.
According to Polanyi, in pre-capitalist societies»obligations are as a rule, specific, and their fulfillment is a qualitative affair, thus lacking an essential of payment- its quantitative character.«.
Therefore the bourgeoisie must come to power,establish a bourgeois-democratic republic which will sweep away the remnants of pre-capitalist social relations and open the road to a rapid growth of the productive forces(and so of the proletariat) on a capitalist basis.
In short, it was the remnants of pre-industrial(but not pre-capitalist) labour that created- thanks to particular historical and cultural situations- the ideas, usages and institutions that produced the concept of the autonomy and value of labour as an entity in and of itself, in counterpoint to others, and handed it on to the industrial proletariat.
In most European and“Third World” countries, which have a history of civilization before capitalism, the collapse of the capitalist infra-and superstructure may be a catastrophe, but the pre-capitalist cultural forms are always-already there to take over, at least until the crisis is over.
Enlarged reproduction has always taken place while capitalism has been invading pre-capitalist spheres, either inside the capitalist country itself- invasion into feudalism with the destruction of peasants, artisans, etc- or into wholely agricultural, pre-capitalist countries.
The expansionist imperialism of capitalism, the expression of its highest stage of development and its last phase of existence, produces the[following] economic tendencies: it transforms the entire world into the capitalist mode of production;all outmoded, pre-capitalist forms of production and society are swept away; it converts all the world's riches and means of production into capital, the working masses of all zones into wage slaves.
The appearance of this third capitalist phase isnot to be confused with the return of forms of pre-capitalist institutions, since this phase is accompanied by a growth to giddy heights of an industrial and financial dynamic, ignored in quality and quantity in the pre-bourgeois world.
Although it is often asserted that a historical approach is able to show that something existed before capitalism, and that one can learn from history,the differences between capitalist and pre-capitalist societies are often obliterated(and not just in Graeber's book) if one does not first clarify what is specific about capitalism, in order to use that as the starting point for delving into history- and not the other way around.1.

