Examples of using Value of commodities in English and their translations into German
{-}
-
Colloquial
-
Official
-
Ecclesiastic
-
Medicine
-
Financial
-
Ecclesiastic
-
Political
-
Computer
-
Programming
-
Official/political
-
Political
In fact, this reduction of the value of commodities to their cost-price constitutes the basis of his People's Bank.
On the other hand, the level of the rate of profit is likewise a magnitude inclosed within certain limits by the value of commodities.
Or it may be the result of a fall in the value of commodities, so that the same demand may be satisfied at lower prices.
The value of commodities is determined by the socially necessary general human labour embodied in them, and this in turn is measured by its duration.
The conclusion we have justreached is directly valid only for the value of commodities, that is to say, only from the standpoint of society.
Either the value of commodities is determined by the costs of subsistence of the labour necessary for their production, that is, in present-day society.
Furthermore, while the volume of payments in trade is determined by the value of commodities, in the commerce in shares it is determined by the capitalized amount of the net yield.
On the one hand all labour is, speaking physiologically, an expenditure of human labour-power, and in its character of identical abstract human labour,it creates and forms the value of commodities.
WE have shown, that the value of commodities, or the price of production regulated by their total value, resolves itself into.
This does not necessarily follow by any means, and the contention that it doeshas been made only because the distinction between the value of commodities and their price of production had not been understood up to the present.
The value of the goods used was the value of commodities acquired by the household during the reference period, irrespective of when the payment was made.
And the fact that all new capital arises out of profit, rent, or other forms of revenue, that is, out of surplus labor,leads to the mistaken idea that all value of commodities arises from some revenue.
In estimating, then, the causes of the variations in the value of commodities, although it would be wrong wholly to omit the consideration of the effect produced by a rise or fall of labour, it would be equally incorrect to attach much importance to it…“ l. c..
To make this individual feeling of distaste the cause of value naturally leadsus to see in value a purely psychological fact, and to deduce the value of commodities from our evaluation of the labor they have cost.
Finally, if the equalization of the surplus-value into average profit meets with obstacles in the various spheres of production in the shape of artificial or natural monopolies, particularly of monopoly in land, so that a monopoly price would be possible,which would rise above the price of production and above the value of the commodities affected by such a monopoly, still the limits imposed by the value of commodities would not be abolished thereby.
Ricardo,” says Mac.,“was the first who endeavoured to analyse anddiscover the effects of fluctuations in the rate of wages on the value of commodities, when the capitals employed in their production were not of the same degree of durability.
Thus, Marx expressly insists that"it would be a mistake to say that the value of wages, the rate of profit, and the rate of rent form independent constituent elements of value, whose composition gives rise to the value of commodities, leaving aside the constant part;
If the student never loses sight of the fact that commodity production is a type of social production, in which individual businesses produce for each other,although not with each other, and that the value of commodities is not a relation of things, but represents a relation of men to each other concealed in a material shell, he will know how to interpret the sentence that forms the basis of Marx's analysis of the capitalist system.
Aside from the fact that prices and their movements are dominated by the law of value, it is quite appropriate, under these circumstances, to regard the value of commodities, not only theoretically, but also historically, as existing prior to the prices of production.
That portion of the value of the product, which is divided into these revenues, is determined,like the constant portion of the value of capital, by the value of commodities, that is, by the quantity of the labor incorporated in them from case to case.
For if commodities are sold at their actual values, it is evident that, other circumstances remaining equal, a rise or a fall in wages will cause a corresponding fall or rise in profits, but no change in the value of commodities, and that under all circumstances a rise or a fall in wages can never affect the value of commodities, but only the magnitude of the surplus-value.
Price examination(price-lists, contract and factual value of commodity);
Hence, if the value of commodity A remain constant, its relative value expressed in commodity B rises and falls inversely as the value of B.
But he also lays it down in a precise and general way that the values of commodities are measured by equal labour.
It argues that the values of commodities, including the value of labour power, and therefore, in the long run, their prices, are objectively rather than subjectively determined and are certainly not arbitrary.
Now as such conditions of life in which the means of production belong to the worker are historically the earlier, and are found in the old as well as in the modern world, with peasant proprietors, for instance, and artisans, Marx thinks he is entitled toassert that it is"quite in accordance with facts to regard the values of commodities as, not only theoretically but also historically, prior to the prices of production" 111, 209.