Examples of using Boundary layer in English and their translations into Hebrew
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Break boundary layers.
The high-speed liquid jets created by theultrasonic cavitation increase mass transfer at boundary layers.
Stokes boundary layer for laminar flow near a wall.
Ultrasonic mixing improves the mass-transfer at boundary layers or particles in liquids.
Laminar boundary layers can be loosely classified according to their structure and the circumstances under which they are created.
This process of break and removal of the boundary layer can be performed by ultrasonics.
Two boundary layers form: one in the hot gas in the chamber and the other in the coolant within the channels.
More precisely,potential flow cannot account for the behaviour of flows that include a boundary layer.
When dispersed, particles are typically surrounded by a boundary layer of molecules attracted to the particle surface.
Thin boundary layers: Prandtl==The German physicist Ludwig Prandtlsuggested in 1904 that the effects of a thin viscous boundary layer possibly could be the source of substantial drag.
In order for newfunctional groups to get to the particle surface, this boundary layer needs to be broken up or removed.
He introduced the concept of boundary layer and founded mathematical aerodynamics by calculating air flow in the down wind direction.
With respect to the paradox, this culminated in the discovery and description of thin boundary layers by Ludwig Prandtl in 1904.
We define the thickness of the boundary layer as the distance from the wall to the point where the velocity is 99% of the“free stream” velocity.
This means an even andfine dispersion is required as the well-dispersed particles are surrounded by a boundary layer of molecules attracted to the particle surface.
This is because the induced velocity due to the boundary layer surrounding the spinning body is added to V on the forward-moving side, and subtracted from V on the backward-moving side.
During catalytic and chemical reactions,the particle surface can be blocked by residue deposition, boundary layer formation, oxide layers and fouling.
The ultrasonication treatment breaks the boundary layer between solid catalysts and reagents and provides a homogeneous mix of catalysts and reagent- improving thereby the reaction kinetics.
For instance, in computational fluid dynamics, one technique is to couple a potential flow solution outside the boundary layer to a solution of the boundary layer equations inside the boundary layer.
Stokes boundary layer due to the sinusoidal oscillation of the far-field flow velocity. The horizontal velocity is the blue line, and the corresponding horizontal particle excursions are the red dots.
To good approximation,the flow velocity oscillations are irrotational outside the boundary layer, and potential flow theory can be applied to the oscillatory part of the motion.
In turbulent flow, this is still named a Stokes boundary layer, but now one has to rely on experiments, numerical simulations or approximate methods in order to obtain useful information on the flow.
In the case of d'Alembert'sparadox, the essential mechanism for its resolution was provided by Prandtl through the discovery and modelling of thin viscous boundary layers- which are non-vanishing at high Reynolds numbers.
When a rotating cylinder or ball is spinning in a fluid,it creates a boundary layer around itself, and the boundary layer induces a more widespread circular motion of the fluid.
However, using his hypothesis(and backed up by experiments)Prandtl was able to derive an approximate model for the flow inside the boundary layer, called boundary-layer theory; while the flow outside the boundary layer could be treated using inviscid flow theory.
In flow regions where vorticity is known to be important,such as wakes and boundary layers, potential flow theory is not able to provide reasonable predictions of the flow.
When a body(such as a sphere or circular cylinder) is spinning in a fluid,it creates a boundary layer around itself, and the boundary layer induces a more widespread circular motion of the fluid.
Prandtl made the hypothesis that the viscous effects are important in thin layers- called boundary layers- adjacent to solid boundaries, and that viscosity has no role of importance outside.