Examples of using A wrongdoing in English and their translations into Russian
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Official
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Colloquial
Part Two goes on to deal with the rights andentitlements of injured States arising from the responsibility of a wrongdoing State.
Secondly, it was a long-established principle of customary international law that a wrongdoing State must provide compensation to the specifically injured State.
The formulation seems intended to draw a balance between the legitimate interests of a State entitledto take countermeasures and the vital interests of a wrongdoing State.
The internal law loophole in article 5 effectively creates the possibility for a wrongdoing State to plead internal law as a defence to an unlawful act.
Similarly, under article 14, if a wrongdoing State had seized the diplomatic premises of another State, that other State might under no circumstances seize the diplomatic premises of the violating State.
People also translate
International law generally permits countermeasures in order tobring about the compliance of a wrongdoing State with its international obligations.
In addition to extending the period during which a wrongdoing State may remain in breach of its obligations, this system imposes on the injured State the high cost of arbitrating the dispute.
Differentiating conflicts of interest(which refers to a situation)from corruption(which is a wrongdoing) might also pose difficulties in practice.
The reference to“capacity” could be read as enabling a wrongdoing State to dispute its liability on the grounds that, while the State organ committed the wrongful act, it acted outside its scope of competence.
At the end of the day, in the event that you carry out any wrongdoing before the camera, you are annoying,or you perpetrate a wrongdoing by disregarding an alternate substance contained in the law.
As it relates to countermeasures,part three suggests that a wrongdoing State might remain in breach of its obligations and yet require a variety of steps, culminating perhaps years after the original wrongdoing in a challenged arbitration and a proceeding before the ICJ.
Indeed it may be that, in such cases of human rights violations,the classic understanding of proportionality in the context of countermeasures as a relationship between a wrongdoing and a wronged State may be inappropriate.
The requirement for prior negotiations may prejudice an injured State's position by enabling a wrongdoing State to compel negotiations that delay the imposition of countermeasures and permit it to avoid its international responsibility.
Together with the strict limitations on countermeasures,a challenge to an arbitral body's decision would extend the period during which a State must await reparation for a wrongdoing State's violation.
On the one hand, it is clear that, in at least some cases,countermeasures do preclude the wrongfulness of conduct taken against a wrongdoing State in order to induce it to cease its wrongful conduct and to provide essential elements of restitution.
Although article 4 concerns the characterization of acts while article 5 concerns the characterization of organs,the internal law loophole in article 5 effectively creates the possibility for a wrongdoing State to plead internal law as a defence to an unlawful act.
In its view the problem might be addressed by focusing on the protection of"the vital interests of the population of a wrongdoing State as opposed to the vital interests of the State itself": in particular, in its view, countermeasures should not have the result of"depriving the people of a State of their means of subsistence.
Indeed consideration might fruitfully be given by the Commission to the extension of this prohibition to cover the vital interests of the population of a wrongdoing State as opposed to the vital interests of the State itself.
For example, it is clearly not acceptable that the taking of countermeasures in the face of genocide should have to be postponed while the"injured" or"interested" State makes an offer(which a wrongdoing State would no doubt accept with alacrity) to negotiate, or while States engage in negotiations despite the continuation of the killing.
We would therefore urge the Commission to clarify draft article 48 by stating that countermeasures are permissible as a means to induce such compliance prior to and during negotiations. The Commentaries might note that an injured State should,where possible, seek to obtain a wrongdoing State's compliance with its international obligations by negotiations.
Penalties for violation of taxation regulations must be imposed in the amount provided by the tax Code of Ukraine that is in force at the moment of their application andnot at the moment when a wrongdoing was committed despite whether it decreases or increases liability of a person by such means.
While it was true that that chapter contained legal concepts that were generally recognized in the internal laws of States, it could not be claimed, as had been done in draft article 30,that the wrongfulness of an act of a State was precluded if the act was in response to another wrongful act committed by a wrongdoing State, since that would subvert the system of rules which the Commission was attempting to establish in the field of State responsibility.
Have you made a decision about my wrongdoing?
Loeung Sakk, a day of repentance for wrongdoing.
In such instances, the term“international wrongdoing of a State” should suffice.
If a preliminary assessment reveals that wrongdoing may have occurred, OAI conducts a formal investigation.
But they all share a commitment to expose wrongdoing, protect the most vulnerable and end impunity.
Investigation. A specific examination of a claim of wrongdoing and provision of evidence for eventual prosecution or disciplinary measures;
Subsequently, six of them were determined to constitute possible allegations of wrongdoing by a UNICEF staff member or consultant.