Examples of using Diffuse releases in English and their translations into Russian
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Official
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Colloquial
Diffuse releases 24- 32 10.
How is data collected on diffuse releases? 13.
However, some diffuse releases may remain due to illegal occurrence in imported products(plastics etc.) OSPAR, 2008.
Who carries out measurement or estimation of diffuse releases? 14.
Sectors for which diffuse releases are calculated or estimated 11.
What methodologies does your country use to measure or estimate diffuse releases?
Four countries estimate or calculate diffuse releases for the industrial sector;
Part II, on diffuse releases, aimed to identify data in relation to measuring or estimating diffuse releases.
Survey on pollutant monitoring, diffuse releases and bilateral cooperation.
Almost all countries described how data is calculated or estimated rather than measured for most diffuse releases. .
Four countries estimate or calculate diffuse releases from solvents;
For seven countries diffuse releases are estimated for the energy sector(five of these countries indicated measuring diffuse releases from building heating systems);
Germany and Spain estimate or calculating diffuse releases from households;
For 13 countries diffuse releases are estimated or calculated for the transport sector(in areas such as roads, railways, aviation, inland navigation, offshore fishing or shipping);
Four countries estimate or calculate diffuse releases from landfills and waste management;
Some countries also indicated the substances that are measured, calculated or estimated when measuring diffuse releases see figure 5.
Sweden and Belgium estimate or calculate diffuse releases from mobile machinery and from wastewater treatment;
The United Kingdom of Great Britain andNorthern Ireland mentioned that a project for the measurement of persistent organic pollutants diffuse releases was under way.
Denmark estimates or calculates diffuse releases from anthropogenic sources without mentioning specific sectors.
Switzerland provided a list of substances measured for diffuse releases to air and water;
In response to the question,"What are the diffuse releases that are measured, calculated or estimated in your country?"(see figure 4), the survey revealed that.
The largest releases are estimated to be to water from production of insulation boards, to water and air from textile coating andthere are also diffuse releases during the life cycle of insulation boards and textiles.
In response to the question,"How is data collected for measuring diffuse releases, including releases from agricultural farms, in your country?"(see figure 6), the survey revealed that.
Diffuse releases result from the gradual loss of tightness of a piece of equipment designed to contain gases or liquids, which is generally caused by pressure or temperature differences and fluctuations.
In response to the question,"Who pays for measuring diffuse releases in your country?"(see figure 5), the survey revealed that.
The discussion addressed the following issues:(a) how to ensure effective involvement of enterprises, including foreign industrial facilities;(b) how PRTR data is managed(e.g., who pays for it andwho carries it out);(c) estimation techniques(e.g., for diffuse releases); and(d) the role of stakeholders.
Other sources identified butnot quantified included diffuse releases from materials during service life and waste management.
Pursuant to this decision, the following three surveys were carried out by the secretariat in 2011 and 2012:(a) on possible needs for a technical assistance mechanism;(b) on current status of pollutant release and transfer register activities in countries of Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia; and(c)on pollutant monitoring, diffuse releases and bilateral cooperation.
The main areas listed for assistance were in relation to diffuse releases, setting up a PRTR register, electronic capture and storage of PRTR data, validation, release estimation techniques, reporting and expert advice on creation and promotion of PRTRs.
Intentional-use' sectors include artisanal and small-scale gold mining; emissions from cremation of individuals with dental work utilising mercury amalgam;secondary steel production; diffuse releases from product use(e.g. medical instruments, batteries, lamps etc.), and waste disposal including incineration of mercury-containing waste.