Examples of using Mathrm in English and their translations into Russian
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Note that v( t){\displaystyle v(t)}forms a curve in T M{\displaystyle\mathrm{T} M.
The orbital period P o r b{\displaystyle P_{\mathrm{orb}}} is found from the periodicity in the radial velocity curve.
Similar examples are the Siegel modular groups S p 2 g( Z){\displaystyle\mathrm{Sp}_{2g}\mathbb{Z.
With this definition, to the algebraic group G{\displaystyle\mathrm{G}} is associated a collection of"discrete" subgroups all commensurable to each other.
In particular, we can obtain the magnetization m{\displaystyle m} as a function of h e f f{\displaystyle h^{\mathrm{eff.
The von Klitzing constant is R K h e 2.{\displaystyle R_{\mathrm{K}}={\frac{ h}{ e^{ 2}}}.} It can be measured directly using the quantum Hall effect.
Note that one can also define a contravariant functor as a covariant functor on the opposite category C o p{\displaystyle C^{\mathrm{op.
There are no known non-arithmetic lattices in the groups S U( n,1){\displaystyle\mathrm{SU}(n, 1)} when n⩾ 4{\displaystyle n\geqslant 4.
The argument of s u p p(){\displaystyle\mathrm{supp}()} is a set of preconditions, and thus becomes more restrictive as it grows instead of more inclusive.
One chooses a suitable Hurwitz quaternion order Q H u r{\displaystyle{\mathcal{Q}}_{\mathrm{Hur}}} in the quaternion algebra.
These expressions result in d G Σ d G S,{\displaystyle\mathrm{d} G_{\Sigma}=\mathrm{d} G_{S},} showing that etendue is conserved as light propagates in free space.
By work of Klingler(also proved independently by Yeung) all such are quotients of the 2-ball by arithmetic lattices in P U( 2,1){\displaystyle\mathrm{PU} 2,1.
Integer matrices of determinant 1{\displaystyle 1} form the group S L n( Z){\displaystyle\mathrm{SL}_{n}(\mathbf{Z})}, which has far-reaching applications in arithmetic and geometry.
Work in units where the gravitational"constant" measured today far from gravitating matter is unity so set G t o d a y α/ c 0 c 1 1{\displaystyle G_{\mathrm{today}}=\alpha/ c_{ 0} c_{ 1} =1.
This version involves the contravariant hom-functor hA H o m(-, A),{\displaystyle h_{A}=\mathrm{Hom}(-, A),} which sends X{\displaystyle X} to the hom-set H o m( X, A){\displaystyle\mathrm{Hom} X, A.
The vector x+{\displaystyle\mathrm{x}^{+}} characterizes the types of objects: the standard type, the non-standard type(i.e., configurations of types), and it does not contain information about relative weights of non-standard objects.
For the Sun, the highest amplitude modes occur around a frequency of 3 mHz with order n m a x≈ 20{\displaystyle n_{\mathrm{max}}\approx 20}, and no mixed modes are observed.
The corresponding classification for S L( 2,C){\displaystyle\mathrm{SL}(2,\mathbb{C})} was published independently by Bargmann and Israel Gelfand together with Mark Naimark in the same year.
Let( M, g){\displaystyle(M, g)} be a Riemannian manifold,denote by τ: T M→ M{\displaystyle\tau\colon\mathrm{T} M\to M} the tangent bundle over M{\displaystyle M.
The quantity μ e ff K(∂ u∂ y) n- 1{\displaystyle\mu_{\mathrm{eff}}=K\left({\frac{\partial u}{\partial y}}\ right)^{ n-1}} represents an apparent or effective viscosity as a function of the shear rate SI unit Pa s.
To reduce the complexity of the equations slightly, we see in the literature a variety of differentshorthand notations for ct: T c t{\displaystyle\mathrm{T}=ct} and w c t{\displaystyle w=ct} are common.
Let x∼ y{\displaystyle x\sim y} if and only if y∈ c on n( x){\displaystyle y\in\mathrm{conn}(x)} where c o n n( x){\displaystyle\mathrm{conn}(x)} denotes the largest connected subset containing x{\displaystyle x.
Giant radio halos are more often observed in highly X-ray luminous cluster samples than less luminous X-ray clusters( L X≤ 10 45 e r g s- 1{\displaystyle\mathrm{L}_{X}\leq 10^{45}\mathrm{erg\ s}^{-1}}) in complete samples.
The general oscillation equation of parameter\(x\) is:\[\frac{\mathrm{d} 2x}{\mathrm{d}t 2}+\omega 2x=f(x, t)\] The circular(elliptical) motion is the mechanical oscillations in two orthogonal planes with a phase shift at the right angle.
Simple examples are provided by potential energy functions of the form H p o t C q s,{\displaystyle H_{\mathrm{pot}}=Cq^{s},\,} where C and s are arbitrary real constants.
D i s t a n c e S p e e d⋅ T i m e{\displaystyle\mathrm{Distance}=\mathrm{Speed}\cdot\mathrm{Time}} If the speed is constant, only multiplication is needed, but if the speed changes, a more powerful method of finding the distance is necessary.
As the symmetric group of order two equals the cyclic group of order two( S 2 C 2{\displaystyle\mathrm{S}_{2}=\mathrm{C}_{2}}), this corresponds to the discrete Fourier transform of order two.
The etendue of this light crossing dS is defined as d G n 2 d S cos θ d Ω.{\displaystyle\mathrm{d} G=n^{2}\,\mathrm{d} S\cos\theta\,\mathrm{d}\ Omega.} Because angles, solid angles, and refractive indices are dimensionless quantities, etendue has units of area given by dS.
If we replace all instances of"homeomorphism" above with"diffeomorphism" we obtain the same group,that is the inclusion D i f f+( S)⊂ H o m e o+( S){\displaystyle\mathrm{Diff}^{+}(S)\subset\mathrm{Homeo}^{+}(S)} induces an isomorphism between the quotients by their respective identity components.
Thus in characteristic 2 there is an order 2 automorphism of B 2≅ C 2{\displaystyle\mathrm{B}_{2}\cong\mathrm{C}_{2}} and of F4, while in characteristic 3 there is an order 2 automorphism of G2.