Examples of using Reference periods in English and their translations into Russian
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Colloquial
Reference periods.
Different reference periods.
Compilation of indices relating prices to different reference periods.
Price collection reference periods vary from one day to one month.
One example of bounding includes using two reference periods.
Two reference periods were used for 13 surveys and three reference periods were used for seven surveys.
Average annual change of forest between two reference periods.
Different reference periods can have different pros and cons, however, and a number of implications for the quality of respondent recall.
It is possible to use multiple reference periods in a single survey.
Individual price indices are calculated as the quotient from dividing average prices of sampled dwellings in the accounting and reference periods, as follows.
These indices measure the price change between the current and reference periods of the average basket of goods and services purchased by households.
The data collections for items required annually will be determined by the seasonal nature of the subject matter,amount of recall required, and desired reference periods.
Register based systems can create problems with reference periods and consistency.
It was also expressed that longer reference periods would be better, since selecting a single year may be less representative;
It concludes with a discussion on methods of data capture and survey reference periods Chapter V.
National data sources that cover different reference periods as well as different population universes(e.g. resident population, present population, legal population);
Multipurpose surveys most frequently adopt one year and six months as the reference periods for collecting crime events.
Longer reference periods can be useful to estimate lifetime prevalence or particularly rare crimes, although results can sometimes be more complicated to explain.
The process of adjustment accounts for differences in survey coverage,age and reference periods used in individual countries.
The Canadian victimization survey also uses mixed reference periods- a rolling 12 months for most crimes, and the last five years for some more sensitive modules.
In considering which MERs should be replaced for the 2007-2009 scale, the Committee reviewed the cases of those countries for which per capita GNI had increased by over 50 per cent ordecreased by over 33 per cent during the last two consecutive three-year reference periods, namely 1999-2001 and 2002-2004.
Shorter reference periods tend to produce more accurate estimates, but can add to the cost of the survey since sample sizes need to be larger to provide useful estimates of crimes.
How-18. ever, in 20 of these surveys, the one year period was used in combination with other reference periods: five years(15 surveys), lifetime(seven surveys) or six months five surveys.
The Committee also recalled that, in considering which MERs should be replaced for the 2007-2009 scale, the Committee had reviewed the cases of those countries for which per capita GNI had increased by over 50 per cent ordecreased by over 33 per cent during the previous two consecutive three-year reference periods, namely 1999-2001 and 2002-2004.
This effort examined the feasibility of using less expensive modes of collection,changes in the survey's reference periods, identifying more efficient sampling frames and evaluating the survey's goals and objectives.
This chapter examines the key measurement issues from the perspective of producing reliable and relevant household income distribution statistics. It presents the sources of household income statistics,the standard units of income measurement and the reference periods for collecting data for components of income.
Indices relating prices in the accounting year to different reference periods are compiled from quarterly price indices for the entire period under consideration, reduced to a common reference basis and calculated using a single basket of weights.
Problems with administrative data include data content, concepts, definitions and statistical units not matching statistical standards;changes can be out of the statistical agency's control; differing reference periods; and data-quality problems(e.g., industry coding at fine levels).6.
When using short reference periods such as one month for the collection of data on output, intermediate consumption, value added, and operating surplus(mixed income) of informal sector enterprises, one should be aware that the data obtained on sales during the reference period may not match the data obtained on the purchase of raw materials, resale goods, and other inputs during the reference period.
One such study examined the survey's reference period, and compared 3-month, 6-month and 12-month reference periods in terms of accuracy of respondent recall and cost of data collection.