Примеры использования Quantum electrodynamics на Английском языке и их переводы на Русский язык
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I thought q.E.D. Meant quantum electrodynamics.
Quantum electrodynamics and optics Professor Veklenko B.A.
This was an important work on quantum electrodynamics.
In quantum electrodynamics, the gauge group is U(1); in this simple case, there is only one gauge boson.
Could be, butcould be Q.E. D… quantum electrodynamics.
Nuclear physics and quantum electrodynamics in strong magnetic fields, radiation transfer in highly magnetized plasma.
This conclusion holds both in classical electrodynamics as well as in quantum electrodynamics.
In particular, it was his work in quantum electrodynamics for which he was awarded the 1965 Nobel Prize in physics.
In 1971 he defended his doctoral thesis on«The inelastic processes of quantum electrodynamics at high energies».
Early applications to quantum electrodynamics are discussed in the influential book of Nikolay Bogolyubov and Dmitry Shirkov in 1959.
Fundamentals of the theory of relativistic effects of the strong external light field on general processes of quantum electrodynamics were developed.
Feynman took it further and completed the quantum electrodynamics(QED), which has been the most rigorously tested theory ever.
In quantum electrodynamics at small coupling, the electromagnetic mass only diverges as the logarithm of the radius of the particle.
Finally, the emergent field of quantum mechanics was merged with electrodynamics to form quantum electrodynamics QED.
In quantum electrodynamics, the vertex function describes the coupling between a photon and an electron beyond the leading order of perturbation theory.
It was originally derived from the Darwin Lagrangian butlater vindicated by the Wheeler-Feynman absorber theory and eventually quantum electrodynamics.
He was interested in everything, andin one afternoon they might discuss quantum electrodynamics, cosmic rays, electron pair production and nuclear physics.
It is an example of quantum foam andis the gravitational analog of the virtual electron-positron pairs found in quantum electrodynamics.
Quantum electrodynamics(QED), a relativistic quantum field theory of electrodynamics, is among the most stringently tested theories in physics.
The school programme covered the problems of quantum mechanics, quantum electrodynamics, statistical mechanics and a number of other issues of theoretical physics.
Walter Heinrich Heitler(German:; 2 January 1904- 15 November 1981)was a German physicist who made contributions to quantum electrodynamics and quantum field theory.
Students of the department study special courses on elementary particles, quantum electrodynamics, general relativity, astrophysics, theoretical nuclear physics, solid-state theory, and plasma physics.
If quantum electrodynamics were an exact theory, the fine-structure constant would actually diverge at an energy known as the Landau pole-this fact undermines the consistency of quantum electrodynamics beyond perturbative expansions.
Instead, physicists generally accept the second-quantized theory of photons described below, quantum electrodynamics, in which photons are quantized excitations of electromagnetic modes.
For example, in quantum electrodynamics(QED), an electron appears to be composed of electrons, positrons(anti-electrons) and photons, as one views it at higher resolution, at very short distances.
It plays the same role in quantum chromodynamics as the electromagnetic four-potential in quantum electrodynamics- the gluon field constructs the gluon field strength tensor.
Note that in abelian gauge theories(such as quantum electrodynamics) the ghosts do not have any effect since f a b c 0{\displaystyle f^{abc}=0} and, consequently, the ghost particles do not interact with the gauge fields.
Under Oppenheimer's direction, physicists tackled the greatest outstanding problem of the pre-war years: infinite, divergent, andnon-sensical expressions in the quantum electrodynamics of elementary particles.
In 1936, Heitler published his major work on quantum electrodynamics, The Quantum Theory of Radiation, which marked the direction for future developments in quantum theory.
Oppenheimer did important research in theoretical astronomy(especially as related to general relativity and nuclear theory), nuclear physics, spectroscopy, and quantum field theory,including its extension into quantum electrodynamics.