Ví dụ về việc sử dụng Perturbation trong Tiếng anh và bản dịch của chúng sang Tiếng việt
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This is all about perturbation.
Perturbation theory finds(at worst) the locally shortest path.
The project is known as Stratospheric Controlled Perturbation Experiment(SCoPEx).
On the more advanced side, mathematical perturbation theory is also sometimes used(a working is shown for this particular example here).
As such, the organization is typically robust and able to survive orself-repair substantial perturbation.
Mọi người cũng dịch
A Kelvin wave(fluid dynamics)is also a long scale perturbation mode of a vortex in superfluid dynamics;
Time-independent perturbation theory is one of two categories of perturbation theory, the other being time-dependent perturbation(see next section).
Moving through the terrain,do not let out of sight of any one small thing, any perturbation may be a sign of impending danger.
He completed a doctorate on quantum perturbation theory at the University of California, Berkeley, in 1981, and joined the faculty at Caltech.
These extreme orbits are thought to be the result of gravitational"scattering" by the gas giants,and the objects continue to be subject to perturbation by the planet Neptune.
Perturbation theory was investigated by the classical scholars- Laplace, Poisson, Gauss- as a result of which the computations could be performed with a very high accuracy.
Most of the comets seen close to the Sun seem tohave reached their current positions through gravitational perturbation of the Oort cloud by the tidal force exerted by the Milky Way.
Perturbation theory also fails to describe states that are not generated adiabatically from the"free model", including bound states and various collective phenomena such as solitons.
However, if we"integrate" over the solitonic phenomena, the nonperturbative corrections in this case will be tiny; of the order of exp(- 1/g) or exp(-1/g2) in the perturbation parameter g.
In quantum mechanics, perturbation theory is a set of approximation schemes directly related to mathematical perturbation for describing a complicated quantum system in terms of a simpler one.
It improves on the Hartree- Fock method by adding electron correlation effects by means of Rayleigh-Schrödinger perturbation theory(RS-PT), usually to second(MP2), third(MP3) or fourth(MP4) order.
Since the perturbation is weak, the energy levels and eigenstates should not deviate too much from their unperturbed values, and the terms should rapidly become smaller as we go to higher order.
As we shall discuss in some detail in Chapter 12, the mathematical framework of string theory is so complicated that physicists have been able to performonly approximate calculations through a formalism known as perturbation theory.
The project, called Stratospheric Controlled Perturbation Experiment(SCoPEx), will spend $3 million to test their models by launching a steerable balloon in the southwest US 20 kilometers into the stratosphere.
However, further studies by Felix Bloch with Arnold Nordsieck,[4] and Victor Weisskopf,[5] in 1937 and 1939, revealed that such computationswere reliable only at a first order of perturbation theory, a problem already pointed out by Robert Oppenheimer.
Perturbation theory leads to an expression for the desired solution in terms of a formal power series in some"small" parameter- known as a perturbation series- that quantifies the deviation from the exactly solvable problem.
Later Migulin suggested that the phenomenon occurred"due to a rare concourse of various circumstances, that is the launch of the satellite Kosmos-955,the strong magnetic perturbation due to solar flare and our scientific experiment of influencing the ionosphere with low frequency radio waves".
Computers have also been used to carry out perturbation theory calculations to extraordinarily high levels of precision, which has proven important in particle physics for generating theoretical results that can be compared with experiment.
The gradually increasing accuracy of astronomical observations led to incremental demands in the accuracy of solutions to Newton's gravitational equations, which led several notable 18th and 19th century mathematicians, such as Lagrange and Laplace,to extend and generalize the methods of perturbation theory.
The standard exposition of perturbation theory is given in terms of the order to which the perturbation is carried out: first-order perturbation theory or second-order perturbation theory, and whether the perturbed states are degenerate, which requires singular perturbation.
In addition to melanin deficiency, the molecular weight of the melanin polymer may be decreased by various factors such as oxidative stress,exposure to light, perturbation in its association with melanosomal matrix proteins, changes in pH or in local concentrations of metal ions.
Perturbation theory also fails to describe states that are not generated adiabatically from the"free model", including bound states and various collective phenomena such as solitons.[citation needed] Imagine, for example, that we have a system of free(i.e. non-interacting) particles, to which an attractive interaction is introduced.
A critical feature of the technique is a middle step that breaks the problem into"solvable" and"perturbation" parts.[1] Perturbation theory is applicable if the problem at hand cannot be solved exactly, but can be formulated by adding a"small" term to the mathematical description of the exactly solvable problem.
If a transformation to quasi-orthogonal coordinates is applied to Maxwell's equations in order to conceal a perturbation on a flat conducting plane rather than a singular point, as in the first demonstration of a transformation optics-based cloak, then an object can be hidden underneath the perturbation.