Examples of using Reference systems in English and their translations into Arabic
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Ecclesiastic
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Computer
CBE style has three reference systems.
Units, reference systems and coordinate transformations.
International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service.
Commission X of the International Association of Geodesy(IAG)is currently developing transformation methodologies between different reference systems.
Units, geodetic reference systems and coordinate.
Supporting national standards for spatial coordinate reference systems and data.
The International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service(IERS) decide when to add additional leap seconds.
Standardization was noted as a key element in establishing geodetic reference systems.
Latvia's geodetic coordinate system is attached to and held in the world and European geodetic reference systems, which regularly receive all Earth rotation and time parameters for the needs of Latvia.
Internet home page on solid waste management; sustainable cities; localizing Agenda 21;and settlement and disaster reference systems;
International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service.
This system leads to equations difficult to integrate by elementary means and is onlyused in extremely simple problems, usually using inertial reference systems.
Module 7: Geodetic methodologies I contains definitions of units, reference systems and coordinate transformations.
In the context of a project for theunification of North African geodetic reference systems-- a component of the African Reference System project resulting from a recommendation of the Economic Commission for Africa-- Algeria took an active part in the third workshop, which was held in Rabat in October.
The Commission acknowledges the existence of several methodologies designed in the past to address this problem(e.g., Applebaum, 1982) and that attempts have been made to implement them in practice, for example,between WGS84 and many local reference systems(Defense Mapping Agency, 1984).
Remote sensing is generally integrated with other disciplinessuch as photogrammetry, cartography, geodetic reference systems, geographical information systems(GIS) and global navigation satellite systems(GNSS).
The following intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations dealing with GNSS services and applications were represented at the Meeting: Civil Global Positioning System Service Interface Committee, Committee on Space Research, European Space Agency, European Position Determination System, International Association of Geodesy(IAG) and IAG Reference Frame Sub-Commission for Europe, International Bureau of Weights and Measures,International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service, International Federation of Surveyors, and International GNSS Service.
The Norwegian Mapping Authority also activelycontributes to the International Earth Rotation Service and Reference Systems Service through analysis of Global Positioning System(GPS) and very-long-baseline interferometry(VLBI) measurements.
Geospatial data from remote sensing of planet Earth from space is a rapidly growing and maturing technology and is operationally integrated with other disciplinessuch as photogrammetry, cartography, geodetic reference systems, global navigation satellite systems and geographic information systems. .
The use of satellite-based techniques to determine the coordinates ofobjects on the surface of the Earth requires the use of reference systems that make it possible to relate accurate knowledge of the position of satellites to the coordinates of points on the Earth.
The following intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations dealing with GNSS services and applications were represented at the Meeting: Civil Global Positioning System Service Interface Committee, European Position Determination System, International Association of Geodesy(IAG) and IAG Reference Frame Sub-Commission for Europe,International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service, International Federation of Surveyors, International GNSS Service and Office for Outer Space Affairs.
With the increased use and applications of GNSS and requirements to relate GNSS solutions with the already existing mapping products based on local and national coordinate reference systems, the presentations on GNSS reference station systems and services demonstrated that there was an urgent need to establish anddetermine the transformation parameters from national coordinate reference systems to GNSS reference systems. .
In order for DGNSS to be fully implemented, efforts should be strengthened to increase the awareness of policy makers of the benefits, to establish appropriate national and regional infrastructure,to ensure compatibility in geodetics reference systems within Europe and to secure funding for the implementation of DGNSS through establishing partnerships.
The Institute of Astronomy is a member of the ASTRONET and EUROLAS consortiums and of the International Laser Ranging Service(ILRS);and it is a participant in the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service, the Permanent Network of the International Association of Geodesy Reference Frame Sub-commission for Europe(EUREF) and the International GNSS Service(IGS).
Participation in this mission by the French scientific community(the department of relativistic astrophysics, theory, experimentation, metrology, instrumentation and signals(ARTEMIS) of CNRS, IAP, the Annecy-le-Vieux Particle Physics Laboratory(LAPP), the Laboratory Universe and Theories(LUTH),the Space-Time Reference Systems Laboratory(SYRTE) and the French National Aerospace Research Establishment(ONERA)) will be under the aegis of the APC Laboratory, which is providing the modulation bench for the LTP laser source.
Maintains a reference system on subsidiary organs of the General Assembly.
Position Reference System.
Military Grid Reference System.