What is the translation of " LENIENCY PROGRAMMES " in Chinese?

• 宽大处理方案
• 宽恕方案

Examples of using Leniency programmes in English and their translations into Chinese

Leniency programmes in developing countries 11.
发展中国家的宽大处理方案11.

Follow-on actions may also undermine leniency programmes.
后续诉讼也可能会对宽大处理方案造成破坏。

Leniency programmes may be mutually reinforcing.
宽大处理方案可以是相辅相成的。

A handful of developing countries have anti-cartel leniency programmes.
少数发展中国家已经制定了反卡特尔宽大处理方案。

Leniency Programmes to Fight Hard Core Cartels(2001).
对八个核心卡特尔的宽大方案(2001年).

A country cannot rely on others' anti-cartel actions or leniency programmes.
一国不能依赖他国的反卡特尔诉讼或宽大处理方案。

Leniency programmes were the most effective tool in fighting against cartels.
宽恕方案是打击卡特尔的最有效的手段。

In many of the above cases, cartels were detected through dawn raids and leniency programmes.
上述多个卡特尔案件都是借助凌晨突查和宽大处理方案侦破的。

The leniency programmes may affect each other, either positively or negatively.
宽大处理方案可能会对彼此产生或积极或消极的影响。

Another influential factor for the effectiveness of leniency programmes is the severity of sanctions.
影响宽恕方案有效性的另一个因素是制裁的严厉程度。

Dawn raids and leniency programmes are the most influential tools in cartel detection and prosecution.
凌晨突查和宽大处理方案是发现和起诉卡特尔的最有效工具。

Possible areas for international cooperation included leniency programmes, merger analysis and capacity-building.
可能的国际合作领域包括宽大处理方案、兼并分析和能力建设。

Leniency programmes can mutually reinforce incentives to seek leniency in multiple jurisdictions.
宽大处理方案可以共同强化各种激励在多个管辖区域争取宽大处理的措施。

But the most effective tool today for detecting cartels and obtaining the relevant evidence is leniency programmes.
但现如今，发现卡特尔并获得相关证据的最有效手段莫过于宽大处理方案。

Both dawn raids and leniency programmes have proved to be the most effective tool in evidence gathering.
黎明突袭和宽恕方案被证明是收集证据最为行之有效的手段。

Competition authorities need well-trained staff to carry out dawn raids and successfully implement leniency programmes.
竞争主管机构需要训练有素的工作人员执行黎明突袭和成功实施宽恕方案。

In summary, the leniency programmes in active medium-income countries form part of broader anti-cartel strategies.
简言之，活跃的中等收入国家的宽大处理方案构成了更广泛的反卡特尔战略的一部分。

Among medium- and low-income countries, Brazil, Mexico, the Russian Federation and South Africa have active leniency programmes.
在中低收入国家中，巴西、墨西哥、俄罗斯联邦和南非制定了积极的宽大处理方案。

Only a handful of developing countries have active leniency programmes, while the vast majority of developing countries do not.
仅少数发展中国家有现行的宽恕方案，大多数发展中国家没有。

Leniency programmes in different countries may mutually reinforce these incentives on members of international cartels.
不同国家的宽大处理方案可能会相辅相成，共同强化那些针对国际卡特尔成员的激励措施。

Five middle-income countries- South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Mexico and the Russian Federation- have active leniency programmes.
南非、巴西、智利、墨西哥和俄罗斯联邦等五个中等收入国家制定了积极的宽大处理方案。

Thus, criminal law gives leniency programmes additional leverage, since penalties may be larger and applicable to individuals.
因此，刑法加大了宽大处理方案的影响力，因为惩罚可能会更为严厉且适用于个人。

Second, these countries managed to have leniency applications for rather recent cases, stressing the importance of leniency programmes.
其次，这些国家在较为近期的案件中收到了宽恕申请，这突出了宽恕方案的重要性。

Some leniency programmes allow individuals to apply for leniency independently of the company where they are/were employed.
部分宽大处理方案允许个人独立于其受雇公司之外，申请宽大处理。

The above cartel summaries have hinted that the increased coordination and cooperation among agencies has also led to a convergence in leniency programmes.
以上关于卡特尔情况的总结提示我们，加强机构间的协调和合作也会导致宽大处理方案的趋同。

Leniency programmes are the most effective tool today for detecting cartels and obtaining evidence to prove their existence and effects.
现在，宽大处理方案是发现卡特尔并获取证据证明其存在和影响的最有效手段。

Safeguards should be erected to prevent comprising amnesty or leniency programmes as well as the interests of informants and legal professional privilege;
应建立安全保障措施，防止构成赦免或宽大处理方案，以及保护线人的利益和法律专业人员的特权；.

While the Court did not determine whether leniency programmes would indeed be rendered less effective, it limited standing on the basis of the principle of comity.
法院并未就宽大处理方案的效力是否确实会被减弱做出裁决，不过它根据礼让原则，对这类资格进行了限制。

The following paragraphs describe how leniency programmes change cartelists' incentives, first for a single jurisdiction and then for two jurisdictions.
下文介绍了宽大处理方案是如何改变卡特尔参与者动机的，先是一个管辖区域内的卡特尔，而后是横跨两个管辖区域的卡特尔。

The authorities, by their anti-cartel actions and leniency programmes, change the incentives on cartelists in order to induce cartel dissolution or leniency applications.
各当局通过其反卡特尔诉讼和宽大处理方案从不同程度上激励卡特尔参与者，进而诱导其解散卡特尔或是提出宽大处理申请。