Examples of using Polymorphisms in English and their translations into Indonesian
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Ecclesiastic
Protein polymorphisms were the first molecular markers used in livestock.
Most of the current effort in identifying differences between individuals involves single nucleotide polymorphisms.
Correlations may exist between polymorphisms within class II MHC promoters and autoimmune disease.
All the men had biopsies and consented to genetic studies thatlooked for the presence of germline single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs).
The HIrisPlex system looks at 24 DNA polymorphisms which can be used to predict eye and hair colour.
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Many polymorphisms don't affect health, but other variations may make a person prone to developing certain disorders.
In many cases, the basis for this variability are genetic polymorphisms in the genes encoding these enzymes(Ingelman-Sundberg et al., 1999).
Ethanol is oxidized to acetaldehyde and then to acetate by alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase(ALDH),both of which have genetic polymorphisms.
There are multiple candidates for genes which are possibly related to acne,including polymorphisms in TNF-alpha, IL-1 alpha, CYP1A1 among others.
The aim of this study was to identify polymorphisms in the Holstein-Friesian cattle breed in Palestine in relation to the genetic markers and allelic variants of the three genes.
In terms of disease risk,these single letter variants(called single-nucleotide polymorphisms, or SNPs) can result in a small increase or decrease in risk.
The polymorphisms vary in how the layers stack together, with the arrangements of the molecules and layers determined by the acidity, presence of ions(including salt) and the surface of the minerals the substance forms on.
Some individual's genetic inheritance includes genetic polymorphisms that result in the production of vitamin D receptors(VDR) that don't work very well.
By the time Dobzhansky published the third edition of his book in 1951[16] he was persuaded that the chromosome morphs were beingmaintained in the population by the selective advantage of the heterozygotes, as with most polymorphisms.
For most of the identified mutations,the authors were able to determine(by the set of polymorphisms in the vicinity of the mutation) whether it was obtained from the father or from the mother.
Ford, the pioneer of ecological genetics, continued throughout the 1930s and 1940s to empirically demonstrate the power of selection due to ecological factors including theability to maintain genetic diversity through genetic polymorphisms such as human blood types.
Specifically, they focused on single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs), which are the most common sort of human genetic variation, in an attempt to identify those that indicated a low or high iron status.
The researchers checked 999 patients from Budapest and 1,350 from Manchester,for two variants(single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs) of the CLOCK gene, and how these are associated with migraine.
In addition to polymorphisms in xenobiotica metabolism enzymes, polymorphisms in genes that influence or control cell differentiation, apoptosis, cell cycle kinetics, signal transduction and DNA repair may influence the health outcome when exposed to an environmental toxicant.
Researchers have determined thatvariations of three different genes in the brain(called single-nucleotide polymorphisms) may help predict a person's tendency to make certain choices.
All these people took part in neurocognitive tests that measured their intelligence, and when researchers contrast their scores with variations in the participants' DNA-called single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)- you can see which mutations are associated with high intelligence.
We investigated the possible modification of the effect by the metabolism of caffeine,which is defined by the genetic scores of polymorphisms previously identified in AHR, CYP1A2, CYP2A6 and POR that impact on the metabolism of caffeine.”.
Researchers at Brown University and the University of Arizona have determined thatvariations of three different genes in the brain(called single-nucleotide polymorphisms) may help predict a person's tendency to make certain choices.
We investigated a possible modification of the effect by the metabolism of caffeine,which is defined by the genetic score of polymorphisms previously identified in the AHR, CYP1A2, CYP2A6 and POR that have an effect on the metabolism of caffeine.".
Using a technique called Mendelian randomization,the scientists identified three“single-letter alterations,” or single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs), in their DNA that can raise or reduce an individual's iron status.
With the help of technique Mendelian randomization,the researchers identified three“single-letter alterations,” or single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs), in their DNA that can raise or reduce the iron status of the individual.
For the study, researchers checked 999 patients from Budapest, Hungary, and 1,350 from Manchester, England,for two variants(single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs) of the CLOCK gene and investigated how these are associated with migraine.