Examples of using Field experiments in English and their translations into Vietnamese
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Rijt et al.(2014) Field experiments without consent.
Internal validity can be difficult to ensure in complex field experiments.
Paluck and Green(2009) field experiments in developing country.
Field experiments were carried out in three locations in Zimbabwe with diverse conditions.
This pair of experiments reveals a lot about lab and field experiments in general.
The study involved field experiments in 24 forests across Japan, with 280 participants in total.
In 1944, Kenya decided to move coffee research to a dedicatedcoffee research station with better facilities for field experiments;
Further, field experiments are sufficiently expensive that it would be infeasible to run every variation that you might want to try.
Before this new mechanism can be incorporated into global climate models, however,it will have to be confirmed by field experiments.
He used field experiments to test a range of interventions to see how school results could be improved in Western Kenya.
A very good exampleis the statistical analysis of data from agricultural field experiments comparing the yields of different varieties of wheat.
In field experiments, scientists at the University of Michigan grew four milkweed species under varying atmospheric conditions.
Finally, US courts have also supported the lack of consent anduse of deception in field experiments to measure discrimination No. 81-3029.
Lab experiments offer control, field experiments offer realism, and digital field experiments combine control and realism at scale.
Organizational change, design and work innovation:A meta-analysis of 131 North American field experiments, 1961- 1991", pp. 235- 313 in W. Pasmore& R. Woodman(Eds.).
While digital field experiments offer many possibilities, they also share some weaknesses with both analog lab and analog field experiments. .
First, in order to move beyond overly simplistic ideas about informed consent,I want to tell you more about field experiments to study discrimination.
Parigi, Santana, and Cook(2017) describes how online field experiments can combine some of the characteristics of lab and field experiments.
Field experiments combine the strong design of randomized controlexperiments with more representative groups of participants performing more common tasks in more natural settings.
These instruments have been already been deployed in field experiments by McElrone and his colleagues and at the California Department of Water Resources.
During field experiments in Utah, in the western USA, researchers discovered that the right mixture of soil microbiota directly influences the survival of Nicotiana attenuata, a species of wild tobacco.
Organizational change, design and work innovation:A meta-analysis of 131 North American field experiments, 1961- 1991", pp. 235- 313 in W. Pasmore& R. Woodman(Eds.).
For advice about running field experiments with partner organizations such as political parties, NGOs, and businesses, see Loewen, Rubenson, and Wantchekon(2010).
Finally, US courts have also supported the lack of consent anduse of deception in field experiments to measure discrimination(No. 81-3029. United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit).
Researchers who prefer field experiments argue that participants in lab experiments could act very differently because they know that they are being studied.
These features offer certain scientific advantages,but they can also make field experiments ethically complex(think about it as researchers treating people like“lab rats” on a massive scale).
Researchers who prefer field experiments argue that participants in lab experiments could act very differently when they are being closely observed.
Third, whereas many analog lab and field experiments deliver treatments and measure outcomes in a relatively compressed amount of time, some digital field experiments happen over much longer timescales.
Further, researchers who prefer field experiments might argue that small differences in resumes can only stand out in a very clean, sterile lab environment, and thus the lab experiment will overestimate the effect of motherhood on real hiring decisions.
In an article on the ethics of field experiments, Humphreys(2015) proposed the following hypothetical experiment to highlight the ethical challenges of interventions that are done without consent of all impacted parties and that harms some and helps others.