Примеры использования Attribution of responsibility на Английском языке и их переводы на Русский язык
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Attribution of responsibility in international treaties;
There are only a few known cases in which the courts have had to take a stance on the attribution of responsibility.
Attribution of responsibility for the Pact between the federal units.
A distinction must be drawn between the above agreements and the attribution of responsibility within the European Union.
Attribution of responsibility in the jurisprudence of national and international courts;
A few multilateral agreements touch on the issue of attribution of responsibility in the event of a breach of treaty by an international organization.
Attribution of responsibility has extended to multinational corporations on account of their ability to perpetrate such violations.
The constituent treaties of some other international organizations also include provisions on the attribution of responsibility to the organization and to its member States.
For example, should the attribution of responsibility extend to short-term staff or personnel deployed in peacekeeping operations?
That was not consistent with the principle expressedin draft article 4, which limited attribution of responsibility to the conduct of an organ or agent of the organization.
Questions about attribution of responsibility to a United Nations or a United Nations-authorized operation have arisen in the practice of the United Nations in only two cases: the operation in the Republic of Korea, and the Somalia operation.
The rules on the responsibility of international organizations should also address the question of attribution of responsibility to an organization for member States' acts.
Practice often focuses on attribution of responsibility rather than on attribution of conduct.
Annex IX to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea provides an example of an approach which is focused on attribution of responsibility rather than on attribution of conduct.
The articles relating to attribution of responsibility had proved particularly useful.
One expert drew attention to possibilities for obtaining redress before regional human rights courts, noting that in cases that implicated PMSCs,there was often dual attribution of responsibility to the company and to the State.
In the cases mentioned by the Commission, the attribution of responsibility reflected the conviction of the international organizations that the conduct in question could, at least partly, be attributed to them.
A monitoring andaccountability framework will be developed in 2012 to ensure a sharper focus on expected results, with attribution of responsibility among staff responsible for programme implementation.
The key criterion for the attribution of responsibility to international organizations, particularly in cases where the constituent instrument of the organization contained no express provisions on the matter, continued to be that of effective control of the acts in question.
While support was expressed for draft article 1, concern was also expressed regarding the attribution of responsibility to a State for a wrongful act committed by the international organization.
Ms. Telalian(Greece) said that the articles on State responsibility had immense legal value: they codified customary rules, thus filling a huge gap in international law, andthey dispensed with the notion of damage as a condition for the attribution of responsibility.
In relation to draft article 4,a matter that deserved further thought was whether or not there was a limit in regard to the attribution of responsibility for the conduct of an organ or agent of an international organization.
For instance, Annex IX of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, after requiring that international organizations and their member States declare their respective competences with regard to matters covered by the Convention,thus considers in article 6 the question of attribution of responsibility.
Concerning the responsibility of a State in connection with the act of an international organization,her delegation had already stated that it rejected the attribution of responsibility to a State merely because of its membership of an international organization.
If it was necessary to make a clear distinction between attribution of conduct and attribution of responsibility, it was important to stress that the responsibility of an international organization was at issue because conduct involving a breach of an international obligation might be attributed to it.
For its part, the delegation of authority in the form of empowerment to utilize human and material resources, expend financial resources, andmake the decisions required to deliver mandated outputs should be commensurate with the attribution of responsibility and accountability.
There was support for article 7 as correctly stating that the competence of the international organization was governed by its own rules,focusing on the attribution of responsibility rather than on wrongful conduct, and mirroring, mutatis mutandis, article 11 of the draft articles on State responsibility. .
Conversely, it was remarked that those provisions did not come under State responsibility because their objective was the peaceful settlement of disputes arising out of the application or interpretation of primary or substantive rules,as well as secondary rules or those involving attribution of responsibility.
Mr. LEANZA(Italy), referring to chapter III of the report of the International Law Commission(A/51/10 and Corr.1),said that all legal systems provided for the attribution of responsibility when the conduct of States adversely affected the rights and interests of other States.
Moreover, the rules applicable to the settlement of disputes did not come under the heading of State responsibility because their objective was the peaceful settlement of disputes arising out of the application or interpretation of primary or substantive rules, andsecondary rules or those involving attribution of responsibility.