Примеры использования Wage labour на Английском языке и их переводы на Русский язык
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Women's participation in wage labour had increased significantly in the last 15 years.
Employment opportunities were limited to unskilled daily wage labour.
By the 1950s the Congo had a wage labour force twice as large as that in any other African colony.
Property, in its present form, is based on the antagonism of capital and wage labour.
She requested detailed information on wage labour, unwaged labour and the self-employed.
Many had to reduce household expenses(40%),others reported that they had to engage in wage labour 32.
In comparison, female property rights and wage labour were relatively uncommon in Europe until the Industrial Revolution in the 18th and 19th centuries.
The poorest and most destitute are now mainly dependent on wage labour in other people's fields.
Female wage labour is still viewed as a solution of last resort for households in desperate straits and their wage rates are normally only half the level of men's, or even less.
Another salient feature of labour markets in developing countries is the low incidence of wage labour.
Women are active in a variety of economic areas, which they often combine,ranging from wage labour and subsistence farming and fishing to the informal sector.
Both public and private sector funds are and will be available for both women andmen engaged in wage labour.
However, there is particularly strong evidence of what works in the five areas discussed below: education,health, wage labour, agriculture and natural resource management, and financial services.
Frequently in this context, the only options availableto rural women are unpaid work and precarious agricultural wage labour.
As a result,these traditionally nomadic, hunter-gatherer communities have been relying increasingly on wage labour and sedentary agriculture in neighbouring communities.
Existing legislation does notregulate employment protection for the self-employed or entrepreneurs who do not use wage labour.
The opening up of new opportunities,such as wage labour, high-value crop production or income-generating activities, can increase economic returns but will also increase the demand for labour. .
Women are active in several economic sectors such as the wage labour and subsistence farming.
On the one hand, part of the problem might lie in the difficulty of organizing workers in rural areas, because of the dispersed and isolated nature of workplaces and the combination of own account,unpaid family and wage labour.
They engage in economic activities that range from shifting agriculture in or near forests to wage labour or even small-scale market-oriented activities.
The literacy programme during 2007/08 were provided in 1498 centers and overwhelming majority of the participants are the rural women of whom 83 per cent earn their livelihoods by farming, livestock rearing,trading and wage labour.
In accordance with articles 2 and 3 of the Act, a collective agreement may be concluded in companies, institutions or organizations, irrespective of their form of ownership or economic management,that use wage labour and have the status of legal persons, between the employer on the one hand, and, on the other, one or more trade union bodies, or, in the absence of such bodies, representatives of the employees, elected and authorized by the workforce.
State intervention in infrastructure diverted some of the labour force from traditional agriculture to wage labour.
In response to transitory income shocks, families without assets orother income opportunities, such as wage labour, may pull children out of school.
While no assisted voluntary repatriation took place to areas severely affected by drought or conflict, the survey found that 25 per cent of the returnees did not have any regular source of income and27 per cent were dependent on the highly unstable wage labour market.
Rural women and men are generally involved in multiple activities simultaneously-- smallholder farming,agricultural and non-agricultural wage labour and self-employment-- to secure their livelihoods.
Productive labour of rural women includes non-remunerated family labour(unpaid family work) andpaid labour wage labour and piece work.
According to the Secretary-General, unemployment among women was especially acute,noting their limited participation in wage labour outside the agricultural sector.
The devaluation of the Syrian pound has had a negative impact on their livelihoods, exacerbated by a rise in the cost of basic commodities andservices and by a contraction of the wage labour market upon which a large proportion of Palestinians depend.
Article 14 of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women further strengthens provisions for rural women, including pastoralists, nomads, and hunters and gatherers, in diverse occupations e.g.,fishing, wage labour and Swidden agriculture.