Приклади вживання Rootlets Англійська мовою та їх переклад на Українською
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Baicalensis Georgi without rootlets. It is collected in spring or.
Indeed, it has long been known that their appendices or rootlets were hollow.
Their unusual ontogeny and radiating rootlets also suggest immersion in a watery environment.
The procedure is performed carefully,each Bush should be two or three buds and rootlets.
Some of them came out of the sea and developed rootlets which could anchor them in the soil.
However, the rootlets are shown as traversing parallel to the stele in this space before they enter it.
Model of the tip portion of a Stigmaria with radiating rootlets(after Cleal and Thomas30).
Rootlets are taken to be uniformly 2 meters long(with the density as noted above), a calculational consideration only when they are exposed out of the water.
These cases are especially associated with rootlets that show bending near the root- a generally atypical occurrence.
Unnatural plant associations were found, such as roots fossilized next to bark,and ferns or Stigmarian rootlets invading calamite stems.
A questionable reproduction of an uprooted Stigmaria with rootlets, as displayed at the Pennsylvania State Museum in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
If the rootlets of the lycopods were similar to the roots of mangrove trees, they would be expected to be air-breathing, possessing special tiny pores(or lenticels) and large air spaces(or aerenchyma).
Stigmarian roots have long been recognized as being fossilized with their rootlets radiating out perpendicularly from themfigures: 8, 9.
The spacing density of rootlets on the roots was taken as uniform but rootlets were assumed not to remain on the mature Stigmaria before its branches became horizontal.
Furthermore, the shedding being referred to is done by areas,the plant abandoning non-productive rootlets generally from mineral-depleted areas.
However, many cases of silica infilling the rootlets were found, as if they were transporting this mineral in later taphonomic decay.
Furthermore, it is pure speculation that stigmarian stiffness is related to high silica content,which would be rather unusual for terrestrial plant roots or rootlets(as opposed to other parts of these plants).
A questionable reproduction of an uprooted Stigmaria with rootlets(note absence of rootlets on most of the top[left] side) as displayed at the Pennsylvania State Museum in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
It would then either collapse inwards if the sides were pliable enough,or the roots or rootlets could rupture, both of these cases being observed.
However, this would make some of the rootlets attached along the center of the flattened top and bottom limp, while others at the ends, where the curvature was greatest, would transmit extreme tension to the sides.
Consider the two samples with an abrupt angular flexure of many straight-sided radiating rootlets which were collected in the eastern Pennsylvanian anthracite region.
If rootlets were likely to be injured drastically enough to allow water invasion, and if they were close to neutrally buoyant to begin with, then it would make perfect sense from the stability point of view for water-immersed plants to shed them.
The author's calculations concerning their root structures, their unusual ontogeny and radiating rootlets and other evidence were found to strongly support the floating forest hypothesis.
Note that the shedding of rootlets on an immature lycopod would be advantageous in its ability to right itself in a fluid environment if the rootlets shed were the expected middle ones- the ones not on or near its top or root-tip-growing surfaces.
This fixed the density of the assumed rootlet solid structure to be 2.62 g/cm3 using a cross-section for the rootlets of Stigmaria ficoides Brongniart from Westfalen, Germany(Middle Pennsylvanian) as presented in Hirmer, ref.
The early and ubiquitously copied misrepresentation of the appendices or rootlets on the Stigmaria is noted by Dr Otto Kuntze in an extensive footnote on page 50 of his booklet Geogenetische Beitrage, Gressner and Schramm, Leipzig, 1895.
It most resembles, by analogy of form, the root systems of pondplants like the bladderwort(Utricularia vulgaris).17 The very large rootlets of Stigmaria not only stick out straight from the root radially on all sides, but they are also very long.
The fossil Stigmaria collected by the author in westernPennsylvania often had distinct silica rootlets emerging from them, sometimes encasing coal macerals(the different constituents of coal, analogous to minerals in rocks) that gave the impression of being in the process of migrating out from the root.
The author has observed considerable taphonomic variation in rootlet diameter and great variation- including wrapping around the root- in rootlet direction.
Radicular syndromes are characterized by irritation in the sensitive area,as well as loss of functions that are individual for each separate rootlet.