Примери коришћења Sonication на Енглеском и њихови преводи на Српски
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Sonication time: approx. 18 min.
Generation of activated metals by sonication.
Sonication in Multi-Neck Flasks.
For high extraction yield, sonication is the most efficient technique.
Sonication is widely used for chemical and biochemical reactions.
The UP400St is ideal for efficient and precise sonication of larger samples.
Powerful sonication from lab and bench-top to industrial production.
Generally, the UP400St is used for the sonication of volumes from 5.0 to 4000mL.
When sonication duration is prolonged, the percentage of orthorhombic particles is increased.
With sonotrodes of a diameter range from 3 to 40mm,the device is suited for the sonication of sample volumes from 5 to 4000ml.
Therefore, sonication is the preferred technique for the preparation of modern ayurvedic herbal drugs.
Ultrasound can have either destructive orconstructive effects to cells depending on the sonication parameters employed.
As a non-thermal process, sonication is a mild extraction technique preventing the thermal degradation of the extract.
Heat generated locally by the cavitation andthe created radicals can lead to an inactivation of enzymes by sonication(El'piner 1964).
Sonication breaks the cell structure and releases the bioactive compounds- resulting in higher yields and faster extraction rates.
However, the most important fact is that more energy is converted into ultrasound waves in the liquid,resulting in a more intense sonication.
Sonication improves three-phase partitioning significantly and results in higher yield and purity in drastically shorter process time.
Hielscher's ultrasonicators allow the precise control over all sonication parameters(such as amplitude, temperature, pressure, intensity).
Under intense sonication enzymes or proteins can be released from cells or subcellular organelles as a result of cell disintegration.
It showed that ultrasound is capable to peptize soy protein at almost any commercial throughput and that the sonication energy required was the lowest, when thicker slurries were used.
Sonication processes can be optimized by influencing each parameter and are therefore not only very effective but also highly energy-efficient.
With its outstanding performance in extraction recovery/ yield, extraction rate andextract's quality, sonication is the modern technique for Ayurvedic herbal drug manufacturing.
Immediately after sonication, the emulsion is poured into the aqueous phase(0.1% PVA in water; 200mL) for diffusion under rapid stirring with a magnetic stirrer.
Intelligent software such as digital control, automatic data protocolling, browser remote control andautomatic frequency tuning ensure reliable sonication and continuous output.
When used for the sonication of liquids in flow mode, the UIP500hdT can typically process between 0.25 and 2.0L/min(The actual rate will depend on the application).
As the homogeniser works at quite a localised level it is useful when in use with larger samples of say several hundred millilitres or more to provide additional agitation to ensure that the volume around the sonotrode is refreshed,ensuring complete sonication of the sample.
Step 4: After the sonication step, the botanical parts are removed from the flavoured spirit by straining the mixture through a fine filter(e.g. coffee filter, cheesecloth).
Sonication can be easily combined with other extraction techniques such as hydrodistillation, Soxhlet(using polar and non-polar solvents), or Clevenger extraction.
All relevant process parameters- such as amplitude, sonication time, temperature and pressure- are automatically recorded and saved as CSV file on the integrated SD/USB ComboCard.
Sonication in cryogenic ethanol yields mainly in cannabinoids and terpenes, whilst a warm/hot ethanol extraction results in the broad variety of phytochemical compounds(e.g. aldehydes, esters, ethyls, ketones).