Examples of using Reference scenario in English and their translations into Russian
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The reference scenario.
Global primary energy demand, by fuel, in the International Energy Agency reference scenario.
Reference scenario total for all sectors.
Projections of emissions of CH4 andN2O are also based on the reference scenario in the Government's Long-term Programme 1994-97.
Source: Reference scenario, World Energy Outlook 2008.
Reduction in GHG emissions for each of the Silver Bullet scenarios relative to the 1990 level and the 2050 reference scenario.
Reference scenario: wastewater treatment in agglomerations.
Under this scenario, an overall decrease in WTW emissions of approximately 8 per cent is expected in 2030 compared with the reference scenario.
In the reference scenario, the total transport sector reaches the reduction goal of the ozone law for hydrocarbons, for Nox it completely missed it.
Strategies which do not include reductions in NH3 beyond the reference scenario result in far less environmental protection.
Besides the reference scenario, different strategies for a reduction of transport related environment pollution were examined referring to their effects.
According to the International Energy Agency(IEA), by 2030, globally,1.3 billion people will continue to be without electricity in a reference scenario.
The reference scenario is based on fairly stable energy prices and economic growth at the historic rate of about 2.25% a year.
In the year 2010, the annual deposition of sulphur is much lower for most sites with the joint optimization scenario than with the reference scenario.
Compared with the reference scenario, the increase of carbon stocks accelerates by 47% for vegetation and by 17% for leaf+fine root litter pools.
It was noted that basic data could be assembled for establishing a reference scenario and that this can be done cost-effectively using IPCC guidelines.
In the reference scenario of the International Energy Agency(IEA), global primary energy demand is projected to increase by 45 per cent from 2006 to 2030.
In determining the lower ambition levels, IIASA started from the reference scenario and chose targets that yielded environmental improvements for all Parties.
At the least acidified sites(DE01 and FI03)the temporal response of the ecosystem to the joint optimization scenario is quite similar to that of the Reference scenario.
The emission reductions of the reference scenario will generally lead to a decline in the excess AOT40, but will not significantly increase the area protected.
B Total investment for power supply in 2030 declines from $439 billion under the reference scenario to $432 billion under the mitigation scenario. .
The reference Scenario and subsequent Monitoring Emissions Inventories(MEI) allow for the identification of the principal anthropogenic sources of CO2 emissions and prioritization of the reduction measures accordingly.
Development of the Co2 emissions with the most effective bunch of measures compared to the development of the reference scenario air transport and pipelines are not taken into account.
In this connection a distinction was made between a reference scenario, a technology scenario, and scenarios of moderate and stringent policy measures to reduce negative environmental impacts of transport.
A Global investment for fossil fuel supply in 2030 drops from $322 billion under the reference scenario to $263 billion under the mitigation scenario. .
The reference scenario considered in the IEA's World Energy Outlook became even more unsustainable each year, because policy action had remained inadequate to date and the situation continued to deteriorate;
The documentation will include, but will not be limited to, tables, and where applicable maps,for 1990, the reference scenario and the results of the guiding negotiation scenario, .
In addition, when a new PRIMES reference scenario, including additional climate and energy legislation for the EU member States, would become available in 2010, those data would also be used for robustness evaluation.
A substantial part of the saved transport performance will shift to the nonmotorized and public transport so thatthe total personal kilometres reduces compared to the reference scenario at about 11.
High GDP growth scenario: This increases projected GDP growth beyond that in the reference scenario to simulate a return to levels of growth typical of an emerging economy(5 per cent annual growth);