Examples of using Climate models in English and their translations into Urdu
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So far the climate models have done a good job in estimating the likely future sea levels.
The paper published by Hansen and colleagues in 1988 represented one of the first modern climate models.
The most often used fields from climate models are global surface air temperatures.
Climate models published since 1973 have generally been quite skillful in projecting future warming.
Scientists have been makingprojections of future global warming using climate models of increasing complexity for the past four decades.
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Climate models can be evaluated both on their ability to hindcast past temperatures and forecast future ones.
Hansen et al also used amodel with a climate sensitivity of 4.2C per doubling CO2- on the high end of most modern climate models.
The most recent IPCC report- the Fifth Assessment(AR5)-featured additional refinements on climate models, as well as a modest reduction in futuremodel uncertainty compared to AR4.
Climate models are not fit to historical temperatures, but modellers do have some knowledge of observations that can inform their choice of model parameterisations, such as cloud physics and aerosol effects.
The climate models in the latest IPCC report were part of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5(CMIP5),where dozens of different modeling groups all around the world ran climate models using the same set of inputs and scenarios.
Applying these observed relationships between temperature and heat-related deaths in climate model simulations, the researchers projected the number of deaths under each level of warming.
If global warming progresses as climate model projections predict, we had better plan for dealing with frequent heavy rain right now.
The researchers combined satellite observations and climate model simulations to understand how winds over the ocean near West Antarctica have changed since the 1920s in response to rising greenhouse gas concentrations.
All the observational temperature records are fairly similar, but NASA's is among the group that includes more complete global coverage in recent years andis thus more directly comparable to climate model data.
The authors also analyzed climate model projections of possible future global warming scenarios and found that within a few decades, if the world continues on its current emissions trajectory, the odds that average temperatures will rise well beyond the range normally experienced in the middle of the 20th century could climb upward of 75 percent in many regions.
Using a climate model, the researchers found that warming ocean temperatures in the western tropical Pacific resulted in a significant increase in thunderstorm activity, rainfall, and convection in the South Pacific Convergence Zone.
While climate model projections of the past benefit from knowledge of atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations, volcanic eruptions and other radiative forcings affecting the Earth'sclimate, casting forward into the future is understandably more uncertain.
TAR's headline projection used a simple climate model that was configured to match the average outputs of seven more sophisticated GCMs, as no specific multimodel average was published in TAR and data for individual model runs are not readily available.
Unfortunately, traditional economic models commonly used to evaluate climate policy are poorly equipped to do this, but new analytical methods are increasingly being used in policy.
New analysis of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change models sees the risks of current levels of global warming could see sea levels rise by up to 2 metres by the year 2100. This could displace up to 187 million people and flood a lot of coastal areas.
To reach some form of social consensus on this issue,we must recognize that the public debate over climate change in the United States today is not about carbon dioxide and greenhouse gas models; it is about opposing cultural values and worldviews through which that science is viewed.
With such a short time in which to act on the climate crisis, mayors can no longer rely on traditional approaches. Long consultations, sector-by-sector planning, top down decision-making, long public procurement exercises and traditional financing models will not cut it.
Specific areas that scoredworse on the 2015 model, compared with last year's model were its climate control, steering, and suspension systems.
Those of us who care about climate change must model a way, if not solely by action, at the very least by the effort of trying.
CMIP3 and CMIP5 model data was obtained from KNMI Climate Explorer.
This upward trend is highly unlikely to be explained by natural climate variability. The probability of this happening is less than 0.3% under the model assumptions used.”.
The model of a national minister and a mayor of a major city in the country co-hosting a meeting to tacklelocal pollution in the context of national development and climate action is an approach to be commended, and a model of governmental collaboration that it would be very useful to adopt in other countries,” stated Dan McDougall, Senior Fellow at the CCAC.
And the comfort created by the bespoke flow models make the indoor climate superior to conventional metal systems.
Models used in AR4 had a mean climate sensitivity of 3.26C, with a range of 2.1C to 4.4C.
I model the possible climates of exoplanets.