Примеры использования Functional equivalent на Английском языке и их переводы на Русский язык
{-}
-
Official
-
Colloquial
Electronic signature as functional equivalent of hand-written signature.
A bank's debit position must be covered in cash or its functional equivalent.
A signature or its functional equivalent is a common method of authenticating trade documents.
In some cases, the lease agreement is structured to achieve the functional equivalent of an instalment sale.
If there was a real functional equivalent of the notion of an"original" in an electronic environment, the issue of singularity would not arise.
For example, article 14 did not attempt to create a functional equivalent of existing storage requirements.
Article 8 should be regarded as stating the minimum acceptable form requirement to be met by a data message for it to be regarded as the functional equivalent of an original.
For example, article 10 does not attempt to create a functional equivalent of existing storage requirements.
While draft article 10 provided a functional equivalent of"original", draft articles 11 and 12 set out a reliability test for establishing control of an electronic transferable record.
In many cases, the lease agreement is structured to achieve the functional equivalent of a title-retention sale.
As currently drafted, article 6 provided a functional equivalent for the written signature of the originator of a data message but not for the signatures of other persons that might appear on a paper document.
In many countries, various organizational forms are eligible to receive the functional equivalent of public benefit status.
The definition of“electronic transferable record” reflects the functional equivalent approach and refers to electronic transferable records that are equivalent to transferable documents or instruments.
Where there was no question of the fundamental will of the parties,the situation was different, and a functional equivalent under the Model Law would be valid.
Moreover, it was stated that there was a need to establish a functional equivalent replicating the uniqueness of the paper bill of lading, which was essential for its function as a title document.
The Genworks GDL product(including kernel technology from the Gendl Project)is the nearest functional equivalent to ICAD currently available.
With respect to uniqueness, it was said that the functional equivalent of possession should identify the sole holder entitled to performance and exclude all persons other than the holder from demanding performance.
The Model Law applies to electronic transferable records that are the functional equivalent of transferable documents or instruments.
The importance of defining a functional equivalent of the notion of possession of paper-based documents in order to identify the party entitled to the performance embodied in the electronic transferable record was stressed.
In certain jurisdictions, the effect of subparagraph(d)may be to create a functional equivalent to an original document see A/CN.9/484, para. 62.
In article 6,one found rules on the functional equivalent of a signature; the functional equivalent of a signed writing was therefore a writing or electronic message that met the conditions of articles 5 and 6.
Control is a fundamental notion of the Model Law since it represents the functional equivalent of possession of a transferable document or instrument.
Paragraphs 4 and 5 should be regarded as stating the minimum acceptable form requirement to be met by an electronic communication for it to be regarded as the functional equivalent of an original.
And in the Philippines, the country's two mobile network operators offer the functional equivalent of small-scale transaction banking to an estimated 5.5 million customers.
Article 5 was not concerned with the authenticity of the content of a writing or with identification of its author butaimed to define a functional equivalent of a piece of paper.
She stressed that citizenship education was not sufficient as it was not the functional equivalent of human rights education, but to the contrary, an exclusive concept.
For example, where a document carried the signature of the originator and was subsequently endorsed by a third party, article 6 did not expressly provide a functional equivalent for the endorsement.
It was said that that component of the proposal might be regarded as a functional equivalent to a"second click", in other words, a post-dispute agreement by the consumer to arbitrate.
Different views were expressed on whether its use would pose challenges given the correlation between control as a functional equivalent of possession and issuance.
While this creates the functional equivalent of the classic possessory pledge, it is impractical for the grantor's checking and other current accounts to which it needs free access in the ordinary course of business.