Examples of using Surplus-value in English and their translations into German
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Political
It is a means for producing surplus-value.
But surplus-value, or as Adam Smith has it, profit and ground rent, how are they determined?
This is important, however, only for absolute surplus-value.
Employing surplus-value as capital, reconverting it into capital, is called accumulation of capital.”.
He must sell a quantity of commodities which represents surplus-value, unpaid labour.
However that may be, the outcome is that surplus-value arises simultaneously from all portions of the invested capital.
For in the produced commodities there is contained not merely capital,but also surplus-value;
Hence, the error of all endeavors to derive surplus-value from commodity circulation.
We are already familiar with the causes that determine the mass of surplus-value.
The time worked beyond that, and during which surplus-value is produced, he calls"surplus-labour.
Marx saw capitalism's main source of profit shifting from absolute to relative surplus-value.
Hence arises the error of all economists who attempt to derive surplus-value from the exchange of commodities, such as Condillac.
Rent and profit likewise coincide then,there being no separation of the different forms of surplus-value.
We have seen how money is changed into capital; how through capital surplus-value is made, and from surplus-value more capital.
These two points have been fully discussed in volume I as incidents to the production of absolute andrelative surplus-value.
That labourer alone is productive, who produces surplus-value for the capitalist, and thus works for the self-expansion of capital.
The variable capital which he daily expends is equal to £46,the rate of surplus-value 100 per cent.
For a given country anda given length of working day, surplus-value can be increased only by increasing the number of labourers, i. e.
However, primitive accumulation,in the sense of obtaining value from other sources than surplus-value, never ended.
But surplus-value in this case, whatever may be its proportional magnitude, is supposed to serve merely for the individual consumption of the capitalist.
We have seen that the peculiarand specific product of capital is surplus-value, or more closely defined, profit.
According to Herr Dühring, therefore, Marx's surplus-value would be nothing more than what is known in everyday language, as the earnings of capital, or profit.
And into another portion determined by theadditional labor by which the laboring class creates surplus-value for the capitalist class.
What constitutes for surplus-value the first transformation of the commodity-form into that of money, constitutes for capital-value its return, or retransformation, into its original money-form.
What is to beremembered as the result of our investigation is the fact that surplus-value cannot arise from the circulation of commodities.
In the second part we shall see that thetransformation continues and that profit presents itself as a magnitude differing also numerically from surplus-value.
The accumulation of capital is a process of self-expansion in which surplus-value is produced and then realized in such a way that it produces more surplus-value.
Since the snlt required to reproduce them(to copy them) is close to nothing,they tend to devalorize rapidly and thus contain very little surplus-value.
On the other hand, the wage worker under the capitalist mode of production is the sole worker in the production process,and the source of surplus-value, of which the capitalist is the extractor.
For the same mode of production, which reduces the total quantity of the additional living labor in the commodities,is accompanied by a rise of the absolute and relative surplus-value.
