Examples of using Surplus-value in English and their translations into Romanian
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Capital and Surplus-Value(Conclusion).
It is a means for producing surplus-value.
The fact that they are surplus-value tells us how they came into the hands of the capitalist, but it makes no change in their nature as value or money.
It is capitalized surplus-value.
Capitalist production is not merely the production of commodities,it is essentially the production of surplus-value.
He must produce surplus-value.
It forms the general groundwork of the capitalist system, andthe starting-point for the production of relative surplus-value.
As a periodic increment of the capital advanced, orperiodic fruit of capital in process, surplus-value acquires the form of a revenue flowing out of capital.
The minimum of variable capital is the cost price of a single labour-power, employed the whole year through, day in,day out, for the production of surplus-value.
Not only does the scale of reproduction materially extend,but the production of surplus-value increases more rapidly than the value of the additional capital.
This excess of 100 talers over the original capital Marx calls surplus-value.
The labourer employs more than one half of his working-day in producing the surplus-value, which different persons, under different pretexts, share amongst themselves.
We are now going to see bow capital issues from surplus-value.
How now can the production of surplus-value be increased, i.e., how can the surplus-labour be prolonged, without, or independently of, any prolongation of a c?
That is not the way to get rich or to create surplus-value.
Secondly, as altering the ratio of the surplus-value to the total capital advanced, i.e., to the sum of the values of the constant and variable capital.
Let its assume that the worker works three days of the week to replace his wages andthree days to produce surplus-value for the capitalist.
If, for instance, a sum of £100 has this year been converted into capital,and produced a surplus-value of £20, it must continue during next year, and subsequent years, to repeat the same operation.
We have seen that even in the case of simple reproduction, all capital, whatever its original source,becomes converted into accumulated capital, capitalised surplus-value.
While the value of the labour-power falls from 4 shillings to 3, i.e.,by 1/4 or 25%, the surplus-value rises from 2 shillings to 3, i.e., by 1/2 or 50%.
Generally speaking, the mode of producing relative surplus-value consists in raising the productive power of the workman, so as to enable him to produce more in a given time with the same expenditure of labour.
But all methods for raising the social productive power of labour that are developed on this basis,are at the same time methods for the increased production of surplus-value or surplus-product, which in its turn is the formative element of accumulation.
There are exceptional cases in which the surplus-value produced does not increase in proportion to the number of labourers exploited, but then the value of the labour-power does not remain constant.
Assuming that labour-power is paid for at its value, we are confronted by this alternative: given the productiveness of labour and its normal intensity,the rate of surplus-value can be raised only by the actual prolongation of the working-day;
Of course the ratio of surplus-value not only to that portion of the capital from which it immediately springs, and whose change of value it represents, but also to the sum total of the capital advanced is economically of very great importance.
It both reproduces the equivalent of its own value, andalso produces an excess, a surplus-value, which may itself vary, may be more or less according to circumstances.
Everyone knows that a cotton spinner, who, reckoning the percentage on the whole of his applied capital, employs much constant and little variable capital, does not, on account of this,pocket less profit or surplus-value than a baker, who relatively sets in motion much variable and little constant capital.
This only we must not forget, that by the side of the newly-formed capital,the original capital continues to reproduce itself, and to produce surplus-value, and that this is also true of all accumulated capital, and the additional capital engendered by it.