Examples of using Human computation in English and their translations into Vietnamese
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Human computation(Section 5.2).
This comparison shows that, as with Galaxy Zoo, human computation projects can produce high-quality results.
How does this impact your thoughts about the design, quality, and ethics of human computation projects?
According to human computation, it was now in its fourth century.
In order to further build your intuition,table 5.1 provides additional examples of how human computation has been used in social research.
Second generation human computation systems also use machine learning in order to amplify the human effort.
Given this background, we can now see how Galaxy Zoo follows the split-apply-combine recipe,the same recipe that is used for most human computation projects.
This comparison shows that, as with Galaxy Zoo, human computation projects can produce high quality results.
Human computation projects take a big problem, break it into simple pieces, send them to many workers, and then aggregate the results.
This table shows that, unlike Galaxy Zoo, many other human computation projects use micro-task labor markets(e.g., Amazon Mechanical Turk).
Human computation projects take a big problem, break it into simple pieces, send them to many workers, and then aggregate the results.
However, Benoit and colleagues were able to use their human computation system to do this coding- customized to their research question- quickly and easily.
Human computation projects combine the efforts of many people working on simple microtasks in order to solve problems that are impossibly big for one person.
The term“split-apply-combine” was used by Wickham(2011) to describe a strategy for statistical computing,but it perfectly captures the process of many human computation projects.
Second, by some definitions of human computation(e.g., Von Ahn(2005)), FoldIt should be considered a human computation project.
In human computation projects, such as Galaxy Zoo, where researchers have explicit control of the tasks, the focus of attention is easiest to maintain.
Researchers interested in creating what I have called computer-assisted human computation systems(e.g., systems that use human labels to train a machine learning model) might be interested in Shamir et al.
In human computation and distributed data collection projects, on the other hand, the best form of quality control comes through redundancy, not a high bar for participation.
The inventor of the Google Image Labeler game, Luis von Ahn, has an interesting presentation that was given as a Google Tech Talk in 2006,titled Human Computation, where he describes the ability of humans to perform some tasks that are relatively easy for people and hard for computers.
In other words, human computation enabled them to generate coding of political texts that agreed with expert evaluations and was reproducible.
The advantage of this computer-assisted human computation system is that it enables you to handle essentially infinite amounts of data using only a finite amount of human effort.
In human computation projects, researchers combine the efforts of many people working on simple micro-tasks in order to solve problems that are impossibly big for one person.
This table shows that, unlike Galaxy Zoo, many other human computation projects use microtask labor markets(e.g., Amazon Mechanical Turk) and rely on paid workers rather than volunteers.
Two clever human computation projects that I did not have space to discuss are the ESP Game(Ahn and Dabbish 2004) and reCAPTCHA(Ahn et al. 2008).
Because very similar challenges arise in most human computation projects, it is helpful to briefly review the three steps that the Galaxy Zoo researchers used to produce their consensus classifications.
In social research, human computation projects are most likely to be used in situations where researchers want to classify, code, or label images, video, or texts.
At that point, researchers need to build a computer-assisted human computation system in which human classifications are used to train a machine learning model that can then be applied to virtually unlimited amounts of data.
The term“human computation” comes out of work done by computer scientists, and understanding the context behind this research will improve your ability to pick out problems that might be suitable for it.
I call this a computer-assisted human computation project because, rather than havinghumans solve a problem, it has humans build a dataset that can be used to train a computer to solve the problem.