Examples of using Codon in English and their translations into Vietnamese
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Colloquial
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Ecclesiastic
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Computer
That's the start codon.
The start codon is often preceded by a 5' untranslated region(5' UTR).
The nucleotide sequence of a DNA codon is GTA.
The UAG codon can translate into pyrrolysine(Pyi) in a similar manner.
The first tRNA is attached at the start codon.
Termination: When a stop codon is reached, the ribosome releases the polypeptide.
Hence, there is some redundancy in the genetic code,with some amino acids specified by more than one codon.
The UAG codon can translate into pyrolysin in a similar way selenocysteine is encoded.
As well asmodified Y39N, N105T, I171V codon that is compatible with B. subtilis.
The codon TCT, for example, ensures that an amino acid called serine is attached to the end of a new protein.
The ribosome begins at the start codon of RNA(AUG) and ends at the stop codon(UAG).
The replicase is the first protein to be made; once the gene encoding the replicase is translated,the translation is stopped by a stop codon.
FMO2 in most Caucasians and Asians contains a premature stop codon, preventing the expression of functional protein.
For instance, the codon known as TCT ensures that serine(an amino acid) is attached properly to the end of each new protein.
The scientists had to determine which bases made up each codon, then determine the sequence of bases in the codons.
As several different codons can code for one amino acid, it is often difficult to deduce which codon is used in a particular case.
Together they induce an"open" conformation of the mRNA binding channel, which is crucial for scanning, tRNA delivery,and start codon recognition.
The third and last stop codon in the standard genetic code was discovered soon after, corresponding to the nucleotide triplet"UGA".
In the 1960s, one main DNA mystery scientists needed to figure out was thenumber of bases found in each code word, or codon, during transcription.
Class 2 RFs, which are not codon specific and do not recognize codons, stimulate class 1 RF activity and confer GTP dependency upon the process.
It was shown that the proliferation of human lymphoma cells(with t(14;18) translocation) could be inhibited by antisenseRNA targeted at the start codon region of Bcl-2 mRNA.
While start codons need nearby sequences or initiation factors to start translation, stop codon alone is sufficient to initiate termination.
This leads to valine(V) being substituted for by glutamate(E) at codon 600(now referred to as V600E) in the activation segment that has been found in human cancers.
For instance, sometimes an error in DNA replication can switch out a single nucleotide and replace it with another,thereby changing the nucleotide sequence of only one codon.
Since a continuous group of three nucleotides forms a codon, an insertion, deletion or duplication changes which three nucleotides are grouped together and read as a codon.
First, the researchers introduced the artificial base pair, X-Y, into the gene for green fluorescent protein(GFP)-switching a codon in a non-critical part of the gene from TAC(which encodes the amino acid tyrosine) to AXC.
Researchers compare traits such as karyotype(chromosome number), genome size,gene order, codon usage bias, and GC-content to determine what mechanisms could have produced the great variety of genomes that exist today(for recent overviews, see Brown 2002; Saccone and Pesole 2003; Benfey and Protopapas 2004; Gibson and Muse 2004; Reese 2004; Gregory 2005).
Pyrrolysine(symbol Pyl or O;[1] encoded by the'amber' stop codon UAG) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins in some methanogenic archaea and bacteria;
For example, a mutation in the tRNA that recognizes the amber stop codon allows translation to"read through" the codon and produce full-length protein, thereby recovering the normal form of the protein and"suppressing" the amber mutation.