Примеры использования Speculative attacks на Английском языке и их переводы на Русский язык
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Speculative attacks and contagion.
Nonetheless, sound policies were not in themselves sufficient to ward off speculative attacks.
Such exchange-rate management made them less vulnerable to speculative attacks while allowing them to soften any arising adjustment pressure.
In addition, the Fund should be in a position to act as a lender of last resort to countries facing speculative attacks.
For all practical purposes,for the moment Malaysia can stop worrying about speculative attacks on the ringgit and the massive currency turbulence brewing in many parts of the world.
In a few cases, it has been noted that bytaking early adjustment measures, countries have managed to minimize the impact of speculative attacks.
A high current account and budget deficit in Hungary caused speculative attacks on its currency, forcing rate hikes, which in turn crippled economic growth.
Those reserves consisted of four times the volume of currency in circulation,which was important to protect against speculative attacks on the domestic currency.
First of all, after the inflation burst of the end of 1994, having resulted in a series of speculative attacks on the ruble, the gross hard currency reserves of the Central Bank dropped to the crucially low level of US$1.5 bln as of the end of January 1995.
Vi Regional monetary cooperation would help to minimize a misalignment of currencies in the region,thus reducing the risk of speculative attacks.
The very same free flow of capital that can foster investment is responsible for speculative attacks against national currencies and balance of payment crises, with negative impact on the continuity of public policies and on the alleviation of social ills.
The world thus seems destined to remain vulnerable to financial surges and to speculative attacks on vulnerable currencies.
It has been asserted that speculative attacks on currencies merely bring forward in time the need for policy adjustment on the part of affected countries and that speculators merely function as early spotters of problems that countries need to address anyway.
They also started to run current account surpluses andbuilt up their foreign exchange reserves so as to be able to support their respective currencies in the event of future speculative attacks.
Therefore, we expect the central bank to continue defending the exchange rate from speculative attacks and shocks on the liquidity market(most of which could be eliminated) at the cost of high interest rate volatility and consequently deteriorating credit conditions for the banking system.
It is clear, 64 that some banks expected a revision of the currency policy after 1 October andcounted upon additional profits from either speculative attacks or arbitral bargains.
This has given developing countries a greater buffer or"self-insurance" to cope with external shocks; after the Asian crisis,following speculative attacks on currency-exposed countries, this appeared to be a sensible counter-cyclical strategy.
Chiang Mai Initiative members are seeking to overcome potential problems,such as the slow response of the mechanism under the bilateral swap arrangements in times of speculative attacks.
These have to do with compulsory delivery in food commodity contracts, surveillance andregulatory measures such as food reserves to prevent speculative attacks, monitoring of speculative capital, setting of limits on trading positions, and adjustment of margin deposit requirements.
Before the joint declaration of the Central Bank and the Government, this policy was, to a certain extent, validated by the lack of the hard currency reserves in the Central Bank andthe remaining threat of new speculative attacks.
However, given the serious impediments to this,it may also be useful to explore alternative means of crisis management that would provide safeguards against speculative attacks and disruption of markets, prevent moral hazard, and secure more equitable burden-sharing between debtors and creditors.
Delegates asked whether there were any successful examples in practice of a transactions tax, not as a revenue-raising mechanism butas a tool for moderating capital inflows in order to ward off speculative attacks.
The fear and apprehensions that the stability of many States may be affected negatively by the fallout resulting from the dynamics of globalization raise justifiable concern,particularly about the speculative attacks against the economies of certain developing nations or the maintenance of not so transparent management practices.
The group would execute a number of silent short sells over a period of time in futures markets around the world at a price lower than the current spot price,thus increasing the supply of future sells and minimizing speculative attacks.
Measures should include, inter alia, enhancing the predictability and transparency of international capital flows; strengthening the framework for national and international regulation and supervision of short-term capital flows andintroducing safeguards against speculative attacks; encouraging burden-sharing between debtors and creditors; and improving the role of international lenders of last resort and regional financial support mechanisms, including the question of conditionality of access to credit from the International Monetary Fund.
Rather than financing additional imports, inflows have been used to offset financial transactions andfor accumulation of reserves as a safeguard against speculative attacks on their currencies.
International capital movements have become increasingly sensitive to tax structure changes and non-tax factors,such as speculative attacks on currencies with underlying weaknesses.
The system of currency bands, which played a very important role in stabilization programmes based on the use of the nominal exchange rate as an anchor,has come under increasing criticism on the grounds that it generates vulnerability to speculative attacks.
Thus market perceptions of inconsistencies or weakness in policies orin financial structure can lead to massive speculative attacks on a country's exchange rate.
However, the slow pace, the modest goals andthe absence of decisive action in respect of multilateral reforms of the international financial system create incentives for Governments to work towards regional arrangements to protect themselves from future speculative attacks and financial crises.